Renewable energy

Renewable energy is generated by sources that can be renewed, such as solar and wind, as opposed to sources that can be used only once, such as fossil fuels.

The burning of fossil fuels is the primary source of the increased greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, the chief cause of the climate change impacts happening now across the world.

In contrast, the electricity generated by renewable sources does not create air pollution or the greenhouse gases that are generated from burning fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas, coal, or propane.

Massachusetts state law requires all electricity that is sold in the state to include a minimum amount from renewable sources. When you choose the Greener or Greenest options in Southborough Community Power Choice, you buy more than the minimum.

Buying local is important!

Buying renewable energy from the New England region helps to create demand for new renewable energy projects on our New England grid, which drives the development of new renewable energy in our region.

Southborough prioritizes buying from new renewable energy projects in the New England region for both the Power Choice Greener and Power Choice Greenest options. For Power Choice Greener, you receive an additional 26% of your electricity from renewable energy sources in the New England region. For Power Choice Greenest, all of the electricity you receive is renewable and from our region. (Specifically, you are buying RECs from MA Class I-eligible renewable energy projects. Learn more.)

It means when you participate in the Power Choice Greener or Power Choice Greenest options, your choice is helping to make our local grid greener and cleaner!

Buying extra renewable electricity makes a difference!

For example, in 2022, programs like Southborough Community Power Choice purchased more than 776,000 Class I RECs voluntarily.

This equates to 776,000 MWh (or 776,000,000 kWh) of energy generated from renewable sources, which is the amount of energy generated by 600 MW of solar PV or 200 MW of wind in one year.

This equals almost 2% of the total electricity used in the state. It means an additional almost 2% of the electricity used in the state was from renewable sources in 2022 because of programs like Southborough Community Power Choice.

What does it mean to buy renewable electricity / what are RECs?

Unless you have a renewable energy system, such as solar panels, plugged directly into your home or office, you cannot purchase the specific electricity that is generated by a renewable energy project. The electricity flowing through the grid is a comingled mix of electricity generated by renewable energy projects as well as electricity generated by burning fossil fuels.

As a result, a separate accounting system has been created to keep track of renewable energy and allow it to be bought and sold. That system uses renewable energy certificates, or RECs. Every time a renewable energy project generates 1 megawatt-hour of electricity, 1 REC is minted. That REC can then be sold. Purchasing a REC gives you, and no one else, the right to say you used the electricity from that renewable energy project.

Anyone who wishes to purchase renewable electricity must then purchase 2 things (these two costs are often bundled together, which is why renewable energy costs a bit more):

  • the electricity itself from the grid
  • RECs that equal the amount of electricity they wish to claim as renewable

You can buy as many RECs as you wish

  • You can buy a small amount of RECs so you can say that a part of the electricity you use is from those renewable sources.
  • You can buy enough RECs to exactly equal the amount of electricity you use, so you can say that all of the electricity you use is from those renewable sources.
  • Or you can buy RECs that equal more than the amount of electricity you use if you want to build extra demand for renewable energy.

Buying RECs provides an important source of revenue for renewable energy developers. Voluntarily buying more RECs than are required by state law signals to developers that there’s a market for more renewable energy locally and provides a motivator to build more.

Participants in the both the Power Choice Greener and Power Choice Greenest options buy more MA Class I RECs (see below) than are required by state law.

What are MA Class I RECs?

MA Class I renewable energy certificates (RECs) are from renewable energy projects located in the New England region that began commercial operation after 1997, generate electricity using any of the following technologies, and meet all other program eligibility criteria:

  • Solar photovoltaic
  • Solar thermal electric
  • Wind energy
  • Small hydropower
  • Landfill methane and anaerobic digester gas
  • Marine or hydrokinetic energy
  • Geothermal energy
  • Eligible biomass fuel

Purchasing MA Class I RECs specifically helps to create demand for new renewable energy projects here on our New England grid. By purchasing more MA Class I RECs than is required by state law, you can help to drive the development of new renewable energy projects in our region.

All of the additional electricity from renewable sources that is purchased through Southborough Community Power Choice is from MA Class I-eligible renewable energy projects.